Context: India's finance minister often meets investors abroad to show why the economy is a good place to put money. AI has become a key area where countries compete to attract data centres and investment.

Context: Variable pay is a bonus linked to performance or company results, so it can make up a large part of senior salaries. TCS is India's largest IT services firm, and its pay decisions are watched as a sign for the wider tech job market.

Context: Central banks raise interest rates to slow inflation, which makes loans costlier for homes, cars and businesses. The Reserve Bank of India sets the key rate, so this change can affect EMIs for many households.

Context: El Nino is a warming of the central Pacific Ocean that often weakens the monsoon and can bring drier conditions to India. It can also affect winter temperatures and rainfall, which matters for farmers and water supply.

Context: India's consumer regulator can issue notices when ads or labels may mislead buyers, especially about health benefits. Such notices often come before companies must change their claims or products.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic brought lockdowns, job losses and isolation, which many experts link to rising stress and anxiety. World Mental Health Day, observed each 10 October, aims to raise awareness and reduce stigma.

Context: The southwest monsoon usually retreats from northwest India in September and October, marking the end of the main rainy season. Farmers and reservoirs depend on this rain for the kharif crop and water storage.

Context: Panama sits near the meeting point of tectonic plates, which makes earthquakes a risk along parts of Central America. A magnitude 7.7 quake is very strong, and aftershocks often follow in the days after.

Context: Ranchi's stadium has hosted several big white-ball matches, and MS Dhoni, who played there, is a local hero. Chasing big targets in T20s is hard, so records like this are rare.

Context: Starlink is SpaceX's satellite internet service, which needs government approval and spectrum before it can sell in India. Jio and Airtel are big telecom rivals, so the fight is also about competition in home internet.

Context: Flat pitches favour batters because the ball does not grip, swing or bounce much. Young bowlers need help from pitches to develop, so debate about pitch quality is common in Indian cricket.

Context: Western countries have sanctioned Russian oil and fuel since Moscow invaded Ukraine in 2022, so buying Russian diesel can clash with those sanctions. Trump is the US president, and Zelenskyy leads Ukraine.

Context: The International Criminal Court in The Hague prosecutes war crimes and genocide, and the US is not a member. Sanctions can freeze assets and block dealings with the court's officials.

Context: Greenfield investment is money spent on new factories and offices rather than buying existing firms, so it signals future job creation. China has long been a top destination for such spending, which makes this shift notable.

Context: Trachoma is an eye infection that can cause blindness and spreads where clean water and face washing are scarce. WHO certifies a country only after it meets set targets for reducing cases over time.