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Attappady is a hilly forest region in Palakkad district of Keralam, home to a large tribal population. Infant deaths and malnutrition there have been recurring concerns for decades, and the area has long faced gaps in health care and food access.

Context: Student safety in schools is a major concern for parents and authorities across India. Questions about who is allowed on school premises are often raised after incidents like this one.

Context: Cyclones and rough seas often keep fishing boats in harbour for days, and coastal families rely on daily earnings. Weather bans can quickly push fisherfolk into debt when they have little savings to fall back on.

Context: The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow sea passage between Iran and Oman that carries a large share of the world's oil. Many ships passing through it have crews from India, so restrictions there affect Indian families and fuel prices.

Context: The Strait of Hormuz, between Iran and Oman, is one of the world's busiest oil shipping routes, so attacks there affect fuel prices and supply. Tensions across West Asia have been rising, and many Indian seafarers work on ships passing through it.

Electrocution from electric fences set up to keep out animals or intruders has caused deaths in parts of India. Such deaths have prompted repeated calls for stricter enforcement of safety rules.

Context: Crypto exchanges hold users' digital coins, so a hack can leave customers unable to recover funds. Major hacks have hit exchanges before, and they often lead to tighter security rules and questions about how safe crypto storage is.

Children with special needs often rely fully on school staff for their safety, so schools are expected to follow strict supervision and reporting rules. Cases like this raise questions about how well those rules are followed and how complaints are handled.

Context: Many households in Indian cities hire maids and cooks through private agencies, which often operate with little public oversight. Police verification is meant to check a worker's background before they enter a home.

Context: BS VI is India's current vehicle emission standard, and Delhi has tightened rules on older, non-compliant vehicles to fight severe winter air pollution. Commuters from nearby NCR towns are among those most affected.

Context: Tariffs are taxes on imported goods, and US tariffs on Canadian products have hit industries like forestry and paper that rely heavily on exports. When a single mill anchors a small town, its closure can affect nearly every local family.

Context: Mangolpuri is an industrial area in northwest Delhi where many small factories operate in crowded buildings. Fires at such units have repeatedly raised concerns about exit routes and fire safety rules for workers.

Context: Odisha lies on the Bay of Bengal coast and is hit by cyclones several times a year, especially in the post-monsoon months. Such storms often bring heavy rain that causes floods and landslides in nearby districts.

Low-pressure areas over the Bay of Bengal can grow into depressions that bring heavy rain, flooding and disruption to coastal states. Andhra Pradesh and Kerala often see heavy rain in this season, so following local alerts and IMD updates helps families plan travel and safety.

Context: The Commission for Air Quality Management coordinates pollution control across Delhi and its neighbouring cities. Every winter, smoke and dust push the region's air into hazardous levels, and the commission often uses steps like these.

Context: A cess is an extra charge collected for a specific purpose, separate from the regular tax on goods. TASMAC is the state-run liquor retailer in Tamil Nadu, and liquor sales bring in a large share of state revenue.

Context: The state first offered this instant pension to women in the old-age category, and this change reaches groups who often have irregular incomes. Filariasis is a mosquito-borne disease, and toddy tappers collect palm sap for a living.

Context: The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow sea route between Iran and Oman that carries a large share of the world's oil. Limpet mines are small bombs fixed to a ship's hull, and Indians form a large share of many ship crews.

Context: PNB is Punjab National Bank, one of India's largest state-run lenders, and the CBI is the country's central agency for major criminal investigations. Fixed deposits are savings locked in for a set period, so this matters to anyone who holds money in such accounts.

Context: The Kerala PSC runs public recruitment exams for state government jobs, so copied questions affect many candidates. This probe follows an earlier case in which the commission's chairperson was indicted in an exam fraud matter.

The census counts the population once every ten years, and its data helps guide how government plans services and resources. Enumerators are the field staff who visit homes to collect the answers.

Context: Bonus payments are a yearly money matter for many workers, and in India the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 sets the rules for them. Fake messages can cause anxiety and protests, so official clarifications from labour offices are the reliable source to check before acting.

Context: Drink-driving is one of the leading causes of road deaths in India, and enforcement drives usually follow high-profile crashes that bring the issue into public debate. Such crackdowns can mean more checks on roads and stricter action against offenders.

Context: Spain runs one of Europe's largest high-speed rail networks, so a deadly crash puts its safety record in the spotlight. Óscar Puente leads the transport ministry, which oversees the country's trains.

Context: Odisha faces floods during the monsoon, and Kandhamal is a hilly district where heavy rain can loosen slopes and trigger landslides. Such events often bring rescue work and questions about early warnings for remote villages.

Context: KMF, or Karnataka Milk Federation, is the state's large dairy cooperative and sells milk under the Nandini brand. Dairy price revisions like this often reflect rising costs for farmers and transport, so households feel the change in their monthly budget.

Context: El Niño is a natural warming of the central and eastern Pacific that shifts rain and heat patterns worldwide. It often weakens the Indian monsoon, so farmers and water planners watch it closely.

Context: Mazari and Chattha are known in Pakistan for human rights work and for taking on cases involving civil liberties. Their case adds to wider debate about how Pakistan treats lawyers, activists and critics of the state.

Context: Aden is Yemen's southern port city and the base of the internationally recognised government. The Houthis, an armed group that controls much of northern Yemen, have fought that government since 2014, and Saudi Arabia leads a coalition backing it.

Context: Pensioners usually need to prove each year that they are alive to keep receiving their pension, and the life certificate is the usual proof. Face authentication lets pensioners verify their identity using a camera instead of visiting a bank or pension office in person.

Context: Uttarakhand is a Himalayan state where helicopters carry pilgrims and tourists to hilltop shrines, because mountain roads are slow and hard to travel. Such flights face weather and terrain risks, so crashes draw close attention.

Context: Chamoli is a Himalayan district in Uttarakhand, where a helicopter crash recently killed all six people on board. An orange alert is an official warning that signals risky weather, so the key question is whether it was followed when flights were approved.

Context: An MRI machine gives detailed body scans but costs far more to buy and maintain than an X-ray, so some state hospitals use private operators. Public-private partnerships are a common way for states to keep such services running.

Context: Free-flow tolling lets vehicles pay without stopping at a barrier, using RFID tags fixed to windscreens. Delhi's entry points are often jammed during peak hours, so the change is part of a wider push to reduce traffic and pollution in the city.

Context: The Railway Board is the central body that oversees Indian Railways and sets rules that its zones follow. Many long-distance trains run overnight, so charging limits affect travellers who rely on phones for tickets, maps and navigation.

Context: AI models are trained on large amounts of web content, and news sites have long complained about bots copying their work. Robots.txt, the standard file that tells bots what not to crawl, is the common tool publishers use today.

Context: Oleshky is in southern Ukraine, on the Dnipro river, and has been under Russian control since the early months of Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022. Short local pauses like this are usually fragile, so they do not end the wider war between the two countries.

Context: Uttarakhand's Himalayan pilgrimage towns, such as Badrinath and Joshimath, depend heavily on helicopter flights, and DGCA is India's civil aviation regulator. Its probe will look into what caused the crash.

Context: Amhara is a large region in northern Ethiopia where armed conflict between government forces and regional militias has been ongoing since 2023, and drones have become a common weapon in the fighting.

Context: Sugarcane prices in India are guided by a government-set minimum, but farmers often protest when mill payments feel low or arrive late. Belagavi is a major sugarcane district in north Karnataka, so protests there affect many growers.

Context: The Siang project is a large hydropower dam on the Siang river in Arunachal Pradesh, seen as a strategic counter to China's mega dam upstream on the Yarlung Tsangpo. Such projects often face local concern about land, water and displacement.

Context: Cyclones form over warm seas in the Bay of Bengal and often hit the coasts of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh in the autumn months. Evacuating people early is the main way authorities cut the loss of life, so the evacuation numbers matter most.

Context: Attappady is a hilly tribal area in Palakkad district of Keralam, where many families live far from major hospitals. Infant deaths in such places often lead officials to check nutrition, maternal care and access to health services.

Mule accounts are bank accounts opened or rented so criminals can move stolen money through them, often for a small payment. Such accounts are a common route for online scams, so banks and police watch them closely.

Context: Village development in India is often funded by both the Centre and states, through schemes that can overlap and confuse local planning. Plans that run for several years, with regular checks, aim to make spending more coordinated and results easier to track.

Context: After the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in 2021, many Afghans who had worked with US forces were evacuated abroad. Their future immigration status has since become a contested policy question in the US.

Context: Joshimath is a town in the Himalayan hills where helicopters often carry pilgrims and tourists to remote shrines during the Char Dham season. Sudden weather changes in the mountains are a common concern for flights there, so investigators usually look closely at the conditions before a crash.

Joshimath is a hill town in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, on the route to Badrinath and other Himalayan shrines. Helicopter flights are common there for pilgrims and tourists, so such crashes draw close attention to safety in mountain flying.

Context: SIR, or Special Intensive Revision, is the Election Commission of India's detailed review of voter rolls, and Delhi's name deletions have drawn attention as a result. Voter roll accuracy matters because only names on the final list can cast a ballot in elections.

The RBI is the central bank that regulates India's banks and sets banking rules. Banks now hold large amounts of digital customer data and run online payments, so breaches can put ordinary people's savings and accounts at risk.

Context: Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria tend to rise in Delhi during the monsoon, when standing water lets mosquitoes breed. Civic bodies typically step up drain cleaning and fogging each year to cut these risks.

Tenements are multi-family housing blocks built by government bodies for low-income families, and many are old and unsafe. Rebuilding aging blocks usually requires residents to move out first while construction takes place.

Context: Disinvestment means the government selling its stake in a public company, and IDBI Bank has been part of such plans for years. Bank staff and unions often watch these moves closely because jobs and asset values can change.

Kerala's hills are a major cardamom-growing region, and small planters rely on auctions to sell their crop and get paid quickly. The West Asia crisis is disrupting trade and energy markets, which can slow money moving through the supply chain.

Context: Many households and workplaces depend on packaged drinking water, especially where tap supply is unreliable. Regulators check these units for hygiene and quality, and lab results show whether the water is safe to drink.

Context: Uttarakhand is a Himalayan state with many pilgrimage routes, and helicopters are often used there to reach remote shrines. Mountain flights can be quickly affected by fog, wind and snow, which is why weather is a frequent concern in such crashes.

Context: PU, or pre-university, is the two-year college stage after Class 10 in Karnataka, and SSLC is the state's Class 10 board exam. Seats at this level are growing each year, so the state is slowing new private openings to match seats with students.

Context: PM-KISAN, launched in 2019, gives eligible farmer families income support of Rs 6,000 a year, paid in three instalments. Instalments are announced regularly by the Centre, and state governments often share the event with local leaders.

Context: WhatsApp keeps automatic backups in Google Drive on Android and iCloud on iPhone, so deleted chats are usually restorable only from the most recent backup saved before deletion.

Context: Lava is an Indian smartphone brand known for budget phones, and this rise lands in the segment where buyers are most price-sensitive. Mid-range phones sit just above that tier, so their buyers may also watch prices closely.

Context: A glacial lake outburst flood happens when a lake held back by glacier ice or debris suddenly bursts, sending water and rocks rushing downstream. Bhutan's Himalayan rivers flow into Assam, so the flood risk reaches Assam's plains quickly.

Context: Andhra Pradesh was recently hit by Cyclone Arnab, so residents are watching closely for more heavy weather. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issues these forecasts, and depressions over the Bay of Bengal can sometimes strengthen into cyclones.

Context: Age concessions are relaxations that let candidates from specified social and welfare groups apply beyond the general age limit. Direct recruitment means hiring candidates from outside government rather than promoting existing staff.

Context: Odisha sits on India's east coast, where storms from the Bay of Bengal often hit, and officials move people to shelters early to reduce risk. Floods and power cuts can linger for days after the wind drops, so relief work goes on well after the storm passes.

Context: GST is India's national tax on most goods and services, and enforcement officers can check businesses and goods. Rules like these shape how often traders and transporters face checks and penalties.

Context: Andhra Pradesh lies on the Bay of Bengal coast, where cyclones often form in the autumn months. States usually assess damage first, then ask the Centre for extra funds for recovery, so this request is a standard step after large storms.

Odisha lies on India's east coast, where the Bay of Bengal produces cyclones that often bring heavy rain and flooding to low-lying areas. The state has faced severe cyclones before, and such events are a yearly concern for coastal communities.

Context: The Kerala Public Service Commission recruits people for state government jobs through competitive exams, so its rank lists decide who gets hired. An FIR is a first police step, and the charges still need to be proven in court.

Context: The Ganges water-sharing treaty between India and Bangladesh was signed in 1996 and sets out how river flows are shared in the dry season. Any renewal draws close attention on both sides because water and transit are sensitive issues.

Context: Many vision problems in India, such as cataracts and uncorrected refractive errors, can be treated cheaply if caught early. Family decision-making about health spending has long been linked to unequal care for women.

Context: India's census is held every ten years, and the previous one was in 2011. Its results shape decisions on seats, welfare schemes and how government money is shared between states.

Context: The Department of Veterans Affairs offers home loans to US military veterans. The Servicing Purchase program let the VA buy troubled loans from lenders, helping borrowers keep their homes, so ending it shifts costs back onto individual homeowners.

Context: The US and Iran have been in a long-running standoff over Iran's nuclear programme and its influence in the region, and Israel is a close US ally there. Any strikes could draw in allies and widen the conflict across the Middle East.

Context: Manipur has seen violence between the Kuki and Meitei communities since 2023. A Suspension of Operations deal usually pauses security action against armed groups while peace talks continue.

Context: BPT is a popular rice variety in South India, and rice is a staple food for most Indian households. Governments set ceiling prices to stop sudden spikes in the cost of essential food.

Context: Many teenagers use AI chatbots, and companies face growing pressure to add age-based safeguards. OpenAI makes ChatGPT, one of the most widely used AI chatbots in the world.

Diwali, also called Deepawali, is one of India's biggest festivals and is celebrated across many regions with different local customs. Dhanteras usually marks the start of the festival, with Bhai Dooj closing it.

Context: Customs duty is a tax on imported goods, and India often adjusts it on cotton to balance mill supply against farmers' prices. Spinning mills and garment makers depend on cotton, so changes to the duty affect their costs.

Context: The Pahalgam attack in April 2025 killed 26 civilians and led to tighter rules for Pakistani nationals. Many families with Pakistan-born members in Jammu and Kashmir were affected by the orders that followed.

Context: Vande Bharat is India's fast, modern train series built to cut journey times, and sleeper versions add overnight travel. Kashi is another name for Varanasi, a major pilgrimage city.

Context: YouTube has age settings and content rules, but AI tools let anyone make songs and videos quickly, so filters struggle to keep pace. Bhojpuri and Punjabi music are hugely popular across India, so such content can reach large family audiences.

Context: Misappropriation means funds were taken or misused rather than used as intended. An FIR, or First Information Report, is the formal police complaint that starts a criminal investigation into such cases.

Manipur has been divided by ethnic clashes between the Meitei and Kuki communities since 2023, and the SoO deal was meant to calm armed groups while talks continued. Its future matters for peace in the state before any election.

Context: Indian cough syrups were linked to child deaths in Gambia and Uzbekistan in 2022, which pushed regulators to tighten checks on locally made medicines. Quality lapses at a drug plant are taken seriously because they can affect patients who rely on the product.

Context: Formal jobs have regular pay and social security, while many Indian workers are in informal work without these protections. Schemes like this usually aim to bring more people into the formal workforce.

Automatic emergency braking systems use sensors to spot a possible crash and brake if the driver does not react in time. India has some of the highest road death tolls in the world, so vehicle safety rules are a steady policy focus.

Context: Iran's nuclear programme and the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow sea passage for much of the world's oil, have been at the centre of tensions between Tehran and Washington. Qatar has been mediating talks between the two sides.

Context: The Black Sea is a key shipping route for grain and oil, and attacks there have increased since the war in Ukraine began in 2022. Greek shipping companies carry a large share of global cargo, so disruptions can raise trade costs far beyond the region.

Context: Cyclones are tropical storms that often hit India's east coast, and Andhra Pradesh is among the states most exposed to them. Central aid usually supplements state funds for large relief and rebuilding efforts after such disasters.

Context: Greater Noida is a fast-growing city next to Delhi, with many high-rise housing societies. Balconies and high floors are a common safety concern in such towns, and falls like this often lead to questions about safety.

Context: The ATS is the state police unit that handles terror-related cases in Uttar Pradesh. Security agencies often track such plots across the India-Pakistan border, and officials are usually given extra protection after threats like this.

Context: Binance is one of the world's largest crypto exchanges, and North Korean state-linked hackers have stolen billions in crypto in recent years. Freezing stolen funds is one way exchanges try to limit losses for users.

Context: Oleshky is in southern Ukraine's Kherson region, which Russia occupied in 2022 during the ongoing war. Evacuation corridors are often used in frontline towns where basic services have been cut off.

Context: In India, a government can seek to withdraw certain cases, and courts often have to approve the request. Such moves are often debated over which cases should qualify and why.

Context: Refugees are people forced to flee their home country because of persecution, war or violence. Resettlement means a country agrees to accept them permanently, usually through a government-run route rather than irregular travel.

Context: Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory whose Lieutenant Governor is the Centre's appointed head. Security convoys for officials often close or slow roads, which can affect ordinary traffic, including ambulances.

Context: Kabila led DR Congo from 2001 to 2019, after taking over from his father. Eastern DR Congo has seen years of fighting with armed groups, so any new rebel movement draws close attention.

Context: Jailbreaks usually lead to suspensions and transfers while officials review security, guard duties and staffing. Theni is a district in southern Tamil Nadu, near the Kerala border.

Context: Form 7 is the Election Commission's form for objecting to voter names, and booth-level agents are party workers who track voters at each polling booth. Such objections can remove names from voter rolls, so they are closely watched ahead of elections.

Context: Electrical faults near water are a serious risk, so hotels and pool operators must keep wiring and equipment safe. Lufthansa is the German airline, which explains the wide interest in this case.

Terror groups need money for weapons, travel and recruitment, so police often track online payments to break their supply lines. Jammu and Kashmir has faced militant violence for decades, and such financing busts are part of the ongoing security effort.

Stubble burning means setting fire to leftover crop stalks after harvest, mainly in north India. The smoke often worsens air quality in Delhi and nearby areas each autumn.

Delhi often records severe air pollution in winter, when cold weather and smoke from crop burning in nearby states trap pollutants. A central commission coordinates action across Delhi and neighbouring states.

Context: PM-KISAN is a central government scheme that gives small and marginal farmers income support, paid in instalments straight into their bank accounts. The Odisha payment is one state's share of a nationwide programme that runs on regular releases.

BRS is a Telangana party that governed the state until 2023, so this is part of the ongoing political contest over jobs in the state. Scam allegations about job-recruitment bodies often focus on fake offers charged to unemployed applicants.

Context: Cyclones are storms that form over warm seas and bring heavy rain and strong winds, often flooding coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. Relief camps shelter families whose homes are unsafe, and crop damage hits farmers' incomes for the season.

Context: Glacial lakes form when glaciers melt and collect water behind natural barriers of rock or ice. Bhutan's rivers flow into India, so a flood there can reach Bengal and Assam within hours.

Context: AAP governs Punjab, and the state's next Assembly election is due in 2027. Candidate lists in the months before a vote show which seats each party sees as key.

Context: The INDIA bloc is an alliance of opposition parties that contests elections against the ruling NDA led by the BJP. Ramlila Maidan is a large, historic ground in central Delhi often used for mass rallies.

Context: Thailand's lèse majesté law protects the monarchy from insult and carries heavy prison terms. Rights groups have criticised it, and the case is part of a long debate in Thailand over free speech and the monarchy.

Context: Cyclones are severe storms that can knock out power for long stretches, and the NTR Bharosa scheme pays social pensions to eligible residents after in-person biometric verification.

Context: Airlines often struggle when jet fuel prices rise, since fuel is one of their biggest costs. Alaska Air Group is the parent of Alaska Airlines, a major carrier on the US West Coast.

Context: Bulk carriers are large cargo ships that move goods like coal and grain across the sea. When a ship loses power far from port, the crew can face serious danger, which is why coast guards step in quickly.

Context: India's rape law sits in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, which replaced the Indian Penal Code in 2024. Courts have often been asked to decide how consent is shown in relationships that later break down, and this affects both complainants and accused people.

Context: Half helmets cover only part of the head and give far less protection than full-face helmets in a crash. Penalty point systems are used in several places to hold repeat offenders accountable, and a licence suspension is a stronger step than a single fine.

Context: Abkari laws control the making, sale and use of alcohol in Kerala, and toddy is a traditional drink made from palm sap. Courts often test old workplace rules like this one against the constitutional rights of equality and non-discrimination.

Context: The FDA checks food, drugs and cosmetics for safety and quality, and inspections are a key part of that work. Officials must act within their legal authority, so allegations of improper raids can affect both businesses and public trust.

Context: Tasmac is the state-run liquor retailer in Tamil Nadu. The bottle-return refund is a way to encourage recycling, and it means buyers will pay more upfront for many drinks.

Context: The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway between Iran and Oman through which a large share of the world's oil passes. Tensions in the Gulf have been rising, and attacks on shipping there tend to push fuel prices up for importers like India.

Context: Spain has a large high-speed and regional rail network run by state operators Renfe and Adif, and serious crashes like this usually lead to close checks of signalling and control procedures.

Context: Delhi's air often becomes dangerously polluted in winter, and the Graded Response Action Plan sets steps that tighten as air quality worsens. BS-VI is India's latest vehicle emission standard, so older vehicles are the main target of these curbs.

Context: Digital arrest scams involve fraudsters posing as police, CBI or tax officials, keeping victims on video calls while they transfer money. Such cases have grown across India, and courts are asking whether banks should do more to flag suspicious transfers.

Context: Indian households buy gold for weddings and festivals, so price swings change the cost of planned purchases. Gold prices move with global markets, the US dollar and interest rates, which is why forecasts are hard to make.

Context: The Diversity Visa Program was set up to give people from countries underrepresented in US immigration a chance at a green card. Countries that send many immigrants to the US, such as India, are generally not eligible for it.

Context: Ahoi Ashtami is a festival observed mainly in North India, where mothers fast for their children's wellbeing. It falls a few days before Diwali, so many families plan it alongside the wider festive season.

Context: India's main privacy law is the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, which sets rules for how companies and the state use personal data. Changes to it would affect how millions of people's data is collected and protected.

Context: The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow sea route through which a large share of the world's oil passes, and the G20 is a forum of major economies. Tensions involving Iran in the region have raised concern for shipping since earlier this year.

Context: Voter rolls are revised periodically, and people left off the list cannot vote until they are added. Belagavi is a large district in northern Karnataka, and voter-list accuracy often becomes a political issue ahead of elections.

Context: The sugar minimum support price and sugar-to-ethanol policy are set by the Centre, which shapes how much mills pay farmers for cane. Cane yields fall in drought years, which squeezes farmers and mills alike.

Context: EWS stands for Economically Weaker Sections, a category for poorer groups outside existing reservation categories. Open seats are not reserved, so admission depends on merit, and high private fees can make these seats hard for many families to afford.

Context: Margin means the gap between what a drug costs to make or buy and what it sells for. Cancer treatment is expensive in India, and drug prices have been a long-running debate between companies, patients and regulators.

Context: Sugarcane is a major crop in Karnataka, and farmers often protest over the prices and payments they receive from sugar mills. Jail Bharo protests, where people deliberately court arrest, are a common way to press demands.

Context: Cooperative supermarkets are stores owned by their members, and they often aim to offer everyday goods at fair prices. Bundled packs like this help make basic household groceries easier to afford when prices rise.

Context: Gig workers, such as delivery and ride-hailing staff, often lack formal benefits like pensions or paid leave. Dedicated boards are a step toward welfare schemes designed for their needs.

Context: Trademark cases decide whether one brand name is too similar to another and could confuse customers. The Madras High Court sits in Chennai and hears appeals and cases from Tamil Nadu.

Context: NVS satellites are part of NavIC, India's own regional navigation system used for positioning across the country. Pyro valves are small valves triggered by controlled explosive charges, used in rockets to manage fuel and pressure flow.

Context: North Korea has been blamed for many large crypto thefts in recent years, which it is widely reported to use to fund its government. Binance is one of the world's biggest crypto exchanges, so a loss of this size can affect many users.

Context: Nipah is a rare but serious virus that can spread from animals to people and has caused outbreaks in Kerala before. The row centres on whether patients received an expired drug, so the expert panel's findings will shape what happens next.

Context: Nipah is a deadly virus that has caused outbreaks in Kerala, and Remdesivir is an antiviral drug once used for COVID-19. Expired medicines can lose strength, so patients rely on hospitals to check drug dates carefully.

Context: Tamil Nadu has a long history of social reform movements that aimed to end caste discrimination. Schools are meant to be safe spaces, so cases like this raise questions about how teachers and institutions respond to bullying.

MBBS is the basic medical degree in India, and seats are allotted through centralised counselling. Stray vacancy rounds are extra rounds run after main counselling, when seats stay empty because candidates do not join.

Context: Referral hiring means a current employee recommends someone they know for a job, and many companies rely on it. Kannada is the main language of Karnataka, and language-based hiring is a debated topic in Bengaluru's job market.

Context: Air pollution in north India, especially in winter, is a long-running health concern, and fireworks during Diwali are widely blamed for spikes in it. Many local curbs on crackers have been tried over the years.

Context: PM-KISAN is a central government scheme that pays eligible farmers income support in instalments, and Kevadia in Gujarat is home to the Statue of Unity.

Context: Spain's high-speed rail network is one of the largest in Europe, so safety checks and train control systems matter to millions of riders. A second major crash this year raises questions for passengers about how these systems are run.

Context: The Chief Election Commissioner heads the Election Commission, which runs India's elections. A formal impeachment requires Parliament to act, so a symbolic version is a protest rather than a step toward removal.

Context: IRDAI regulates insurance companies in India, and Consumer Commissions are the forums where ordinary people file complaints against companies. Long pending cases mean delays for policyholders and others waiting for a decision.

Context: Fog forms when moist air near the ground cools and visibility drops, and winter mornings in northern India often bring it. Met Office warnings help drivers and commuters prepare before the risk peaks.

Context: The Indian Coast Guard protects India's coastline and waters and carries out rescues at sea. Stranded merchant ships can be dangerous for their crews, especially in rough weather, so quick evacuations matter.

Context: KYC, or Know Your Customer, is the process banks follow to confirm who their customers are. Mule accounts are often opened with stolen or borrowed identities, and online fraud has been rising in India, so the court's review could change how accounts are opened.

Context: Wind profiler radars measure winds at different heights in the atmosphere, helping forecasters predict rain and storms more accurately. Mission Mausam is a national weather programme that aims to strengthen weather and climate forecasting across India.

Context: Chatbots are AI programmes that hold conversations with users, and young people use them often. Lawmakers worry they can give harmful advice or encourage unhealthy attachments, and rules like these are part of a wider push to protect children online.

Context: Special Intensive Revision is an Election Commission drive to check and update voter rolls, and enumeration means officials collecting each voter's details. Court orders on deadlines like this can decide whether many people get to vote.

Context: AI data centres on Earth use large amounts of electricity and cooling, which is a growing concern for tech firms. Putting computing in orbit is an untested idea that companies are exploring as a possible alternative.

Context: Only US citizens can vote in federal elections, and the administration says it is checking voter lists for noncitizens. The dispute is part of a wider fight over voting rules ahead of the November 3 midterm elections.

Context: Delhi's winter smog is a yearly problem, and the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) sets stricter steps as air quality worsens. Vehicle curbs are one of the tools used to cut pollution from traffic and dust.

Context: Riyadh is Saudi Arabia's capital. Saudi Arabia has faced drone and missile attacks in recent years, including from Yemen's Houthi movement, so early reports of a drone often raise questions about who sent it.

Context: India imports cotton at times to meet demand from its textile industry, which uses it to make clothes. Government duty waivers on imports are typically used to keep raw material supply steady and prices manageable for mills.

Context: PM-Kisan is a central government scheme that gives eligible farmers yearly income support, and Andhra Pradesh adds its own top-up called Annadata Sukhibhava. Such payments are a major source of cash for many small farming families.